Background & Aim: There are many side effects after mesial tilting of the posterior teeth are observed. Different methods with fixed and removable appliances are recommented to upright the tilted molar but each of them has it's own disadvantages. This pilot study was performed to test the ability of combination of fixed and removable appliance to upright the tilted lower and molars for prosthodontic treatment.Methods & Materials: In this pilot study two patients were selected from of the Prosthodontic Department School of Dentistry Shaheed Beheshti Medical Science University to upright their mesially tilted second molars with a new method include a removable appliance as the anchorage unit with band and rectangular wire acting as uprighting force system. In both causes the tilted molar was uprighted for further investigation, applying this method on more cases is recommended.Results: The average improvement of molars axial inclination was 10.5°.Conclusion: The removable appliance could be used as anchorage to deliver an uprighting force to the lower tilted second molars.

A 16-year-old Class II female patient was treated without tooth extraction. The upper first molars were distalized by the Pendulum appliance. After six months, the molars tipped significantly to the distal. To correct this side effect, we decided to upright the molars using skeletal anchorage. On each side, a mini-screw was inserted between first and second premolars in the buccal cortical plate. An auxiliary spring was placed between the mini-screw head and the molar buccal tube. The resultant moment made the first molar upright. In addition, the side effects of this mechanic, i.e. molar intrusion and molar buccal tipping, counteract the extrusion and medial movement caused by the Pendulum Appliance. The aim of this case report was to present an innovative method for molar uprighting using skeletal anchorage.

The presence of supernumerary teeth is not uncommon in the general population. They occur more frequently in patients with a family history of such teeth but it is rare to find multiple supernumeraries in individuals with no other associated disease or syndrome. There have been very few documented cases of bilateral maxillary and mandibular supernumeraries, distal to the third molars. Supernumerary teeth may affect the permanent dentition if not removed. A 24 year-old male with five distomolars and a complete dentition is presented.

Statement of problem: Missed canal is one of the main reasons of the failure of root canal therapy. Poor knowledge of root canal anatomy may result in this problem. Each tooth has specific anatomical characteristics which could relatively be assessed by radiography.Purpose: This study aimed to survey the variety of second maxillary molar root canal anatomy in Mashhad population.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 103 human adult second maxillary molar extracted in different districts in Mashhad were chosen. After preparation of the access cavity, the teeth were embedded in Naocl 5.25% for resolution of the pulp tissue. For decalcification, the teeth were soaked in HCL 10% for 24 hours and washed in running water for 12 hours. They were dehydrated in alcohol 70-100% and finally cleared by Methylsalicylate and pure alcohol after 3 hours of soaking. Methylen blue 2% was injected to the canals and immediately evaluated with 8x magnification. The root canals were classified by Vertucci category.Results: Different types of canals in mesiobuccal root were as follows: 45.7% type I, 16.5%type II, 5.8% type III, 12.6% type IV, 6.9% type V, 4.9% type VI and 3.9% type VII. In two teeth, the distobuccal and palatal root were fused, having a C-Shaped canal, and 2 teeth had only two roots (buccal and palatal). Therefore, type I was seen 96% and 98% in the distobuccal and palatal roots, respectively.Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of extra canal in the mesiobuccal root of the second maxillary molar (52.5%), the clinicians have to carefully explore the four canals in radiography and perform clinical evaluation; otherwise, treatment failure is inevitable.

The experiment was performed as a factorial based on a completely randomized block design with 3 replications in the research farm of Ilam University in cropping year of 2016-2017. The irrigation levels including 80, 100, 120 and 140 percentages of the plant water requirement were assigned to the main plots and the two plant training systems including uprighting trunk and layering were assigned to the subplots. The results showed that increasing the amount of irrigation water (140%) lead to increase in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L. ) yield and its important components. In addition, the highest yield, fruit size and number of plant in the each experimental unit were recorded in uprighting trunk method. Generally, using uprighting trunk method in combination with irrigation treatment including 120% plant water requirement was found best to improving yield and quality of tomato Marmande cultivar. Therefore, these treatments are suggested for increasing the yield and improving the quality of Marmande cultivar of tomato in climatic conditions of Ilam area.

Aim: As the patterns of impaction can affect the treatment plan of removing or remaining the impacted tooth, the difficulty of surgery, and the post-surgical complications, this survey aimed for assessment of the mandibular wisdom tooth impaction patterns in terms of angulation and depth in the north population of Iran. Materials and Methods: 196 Panoramic radiographs were gathered from patients attending to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of GUMS in 2018-2019. To perform this retrospective study the prevalence of impaction, angulation, and the level of the eruption were assessed. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16. Results: This study found that the most common pattern of impacted mandibular third molars was level B in terms of depth and mesioangular in terms of angulation. Conclusion: The current study notes the importance of determining the angulation and level of wisdom tooth in designing the pre-surgical treatment and in post-surgical complaints.

Introduction: Third molars are the last teeth to grow and require more attention in the oral cavity because they can leave pathological effects. Considering the controversy clinical decisions about asymptomatic third molars, dentists' lack of attention to over third molars developed during therapeutic recommendations for patients, and limited evidence about the effects of asymptomatic third molars on adjacent teeth, the purpose of this study was an assessment of the effect of asymptomatic erupted third molar on periodontal status and a distal caries of the adjacent second molar. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the distal caries of second molars as examined using panoramic radiography, clinical examination and periodontal parameters including plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment loss in 134 jaw quadrants patients. The patients were divided into two groups of asymptomatic erupted third molars and without erupted third molars. The independent samples t-test was used to compare periodontal parameters between the two groups while chi-square test was used to compare the frequency of caries. Results: In periodontal parameters evaluation in mandible, periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment loss in third molar group were higher than in without third molar group, whereas in maxilla all periodontal parameters in third molar group were higher than without third molar group. In the caries evaluation, both maxillary and mandibular distal caries of the second molar were significantly higher in the third molar group than in the without third molar group. Conclusion: Erupted third molars increase the risk of periodontal disease and distal caries in the adjacent second molars, and dentists should be particularly attentive to the third molars in examination sessions.